Lindemann: The new NRC guidelines have adjusted the recommended intake levels for trace elements iron, manganese, and zinc.
Release time： 2013-07-23
The nutritional requirements of sows for trace elements, The NRC has recommended intake levels. In fact, over the past nearly 50 years... Over the years, 1988 Over the past several years, the recommended amount of copper in sow feed has not changed significantly. Among these commonly used trace elements, only iron has seen a change—in the past... 50 Over the years, 79 Version and 98 The iron-to-sodium ratio in this formulation has roughly doubled compared to the current one, while the recommended intakes of several other trace elements have not changed significantly.
So, looking at this data, there doesn't seem to be much significant change. Can we therefore be 100% confident in these data—or can we be absolutely certain that there’s no problem whatsoever with these added amounts, or feel completely confident about them? This must be based on extensive research data. If these studies show that the data are reasonable, then we can firmly stand by the conclusion that these data are correct. In reality, however, over the past... 50 In recent years, research on the trace element requirements of sows has been very limited. To illustrate this point, let’s take an example from the past... 50 In the middle of the year, only 4 A study report on the role of copper in sow nutrition. Research on other trace elements is roughly similar. 30 Reports made 40 years ago.
In the past, when it came to the dietary trace element requirements of animals, we needed a large number of research studies to support our arguments. Take, for example, the nutritional requirements of copper in commercial meat pigs: there are nearly 150 such research reports demonstrating that the current standards are reliable—after all, we have over 150 studies backing the recommended copper levels for meat pigs today.
We know that the NRC may review the entire body of knowledge on swine nutritional requirements roughly every 10 years. We’ve organized an expert committee to discuss the latest research findings and determine whether any new adjustments to swine nutritional requirements are needed. In fact, the data available to us on sow nutrition is quite limited.
Last June, the new edition No. 11 version of NRC Nutritional requirements—this is based on a summary of several research studies conducted over the past decade or so by an expert committee, and some updates have been made to the NRC standards for pigs.
Lindemann is the 🛑 11 Edition NRC The chief editor of the chapter on vitamins and trace elements in swine nutrition is the first author and editor. In fact, from... 2011 and 2012 Edition NRC Looking at the research reports on trace elements in growing pigs and breeding pigs, there are relatively few studies available. Overall, the recommended levels for vitamins and trace elements in the 2012 edition have not changed significantly compared to earlier editions in terms of nutritional elements.
Among these, only the recommended levels for three trace elements have undergone some changes in the NRC’s recommendations regarding the nutritional needs of sows.
The old version, the 1998 version NRC The recommended dietary allowance of copper for sows is: 5PPM , the new edition from last year NRC The certification volume has increased the demand during pregnancy to... 10ppm , the demand during lactation increases to 20ppm , it has increased fourfold.
Actually, from 1998 to... 2012 Over the past decade or so, there hasn't been any research on copper in sows. So, the changes in these data are due to their reinterpretation of the earlier findings. 98 Some research reports from years ago on the role of copper in sow nutrition were analyzed, and these analyses revealed that... 98 Edition NRC The recommended intake of copper is on the low side. 2012 The recommended dietary allowance for NRC copper in sows has been revised.
Another trace element with a revised recommended intake is manganese; the recommended intake in the 1998 edition was... 20PPM , in 2012 The level has been raised to 25 PPM, and there’s still little research done in this area—only minor adjustments have been made.
Another trace element with a recommended intake that has changed is zinc; in 1998, it was... 50ppm，12 Year is 100ppm Over the past decade or so, research on zinc in sow nutrition has been relatively extensive. According to the latest research findings, they have confirmed that the recommended dietary intake of zinc for sows is from... 50ppm Increase to 100ppm Therefore, in the past 14 Over the years, research on trace elements in sows has actually focused primarily on zinc. The results indicate that, compared to the original... 50ppm An increase of 100 ppm.
In fact, changes to the nutritional requirements for sows must be based on recent research findings. From the perspective of sows, sow research is considerably more complex than that for commercial meat pigs; therefore, relatively speaking, there is less experimental data available on sow nutritional requirements. Regarding recommended dietary levels for sows, the 1998 edition... NRC 、12 Edition NRC When compared with the Chinese recommended intake levels, we found that China’s recommended intake levels for trace elements are consistent with the previous edition. NRC Given the close alignment, I believe that after Chinese experts review the new NRC nutritional standards, they will make some adjustments to the recommended dietary allowances for sows in China. On the Chinese side, there may be regulatory limits set on the maximum allowable levels of iron and zinc supplementation. These upper limits provide nutritionists designing feed formulations with some flexibility to adjust the recommended intake of trace elements for sows.
From China’s perspective, China’s selenium standard is more reasonable than the U.S. standard, which is set at only 0.5. 0.3 China’s recommended maximum dietary copper level for sows is... 35 From the perspective of a formulation specialist at a commercial feed mill, Lindemann believes that this amount is on the low side and should be increased somewhat. Of course, while you need to comply with regulations and also aim to meet the sow’s nutritional requirements, you might consider replacing inorganic copper with organic copper, since organic copper has a higher bioavailability.
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